Which of the following is NOT one of the four major types of child abuse?

Substance abuse is not classified as one of the four major types of child abuse, which include emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect. Child abuse focuses specifically on actions or behaviors directed towards a child that harm their welfare or development.

Emotional abuse involves actions that damage a child's emotional development or sense of self-worth, such as constant criticism, threats, or rejection. Physical abuse refers to intentionally causing physical harm to a child, including hitting or choking. Sexual abuse encompasses any sexual activity with a child, including exploitation and molestation.

While substance abuse can impact a child, particularly when caregivers abuse substances, it is typically seen as a separate issue related to adult behaviors that can lead to neglect or emotional trauma rather than a direct form of child abuse itself. Therefore, it does not fit into the primary categories recognized in the context of child welfare and protection.