Which of the following is a risk factor commonly associated with child maltreatment?

Domestic violence is a significant risk factor commonly associated with child maltreatment. Exposure to domestic violence can create an environment where children are at a greater risk of experiencing neglect, emotional abuse, or physical harm. The dynamics of violence in a household often disregard the safety and well-being of children, leading to potential injuries, psychological distress, and an overall unstable environment.

Children living in homes with domestic violence may be directly abused or may experience the trauma of witnessing violent acts, which can have long-lasting effects on their development and mental health. These children are also more likely to encounter other adverse situations, such as substance abuse by caregivers or social isolation, further increasing the risk of maltreatment.

The other options, such as high academic performance, involvement in community service, and strong familial relationships, typically correlate with protective factors that enhance a child's resilience and well-being. In contrast, domestic violence directly undermines the safety and stability needed for healthy childhood development.